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AP European History
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Chapter Outlines
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Chapters 13-21 Outlines
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- Chapter 13: European Society in the Age of the Renaissance
- Chapter 14: Reform and Renewal in the Christian Church
- Chapter 15: The Age of Religious Wars and European Expansion
- Chapter 16: Absolutism and Constitutionalism in Western Europe
- Chapter 17: Absolutism in Eastern Europe
- Chapter 18: Toward a New World-view
- Chapter 19: The Expansion of Europe in the Eighteenth Century
- Chapter 20: The Changing Life of the People
- Chapter 21: The Revolution in Politics
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Chapters 22-31 Outlines
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- Chapter 22: The Revolution in Energy and Industry
- Chapter 23: Ideologies and Upheavals
- Chapter 24: Life in the Emerging Urban Society
- Chapter 25: The Age of Nationalism
- Chapter 26: The West and the World
- Chapter 27: The Great Break: War and Revolution
- Chapter 28: The Age of Anxiety
- Chapter 29: Dictatorships and the Second World War
- Chapter 30: Cold War Conflicts and Social Transformations
- Chapter 31: Revolution, Reunification, and Rebuilding
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Chapters 13-21 Outlines
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- AP US History
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AP Government
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AP Statistics
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Chapter Notes
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Chapter 1-13 Notes
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- Chapter 1: Stats Starts Here
- Chapter 2: Data
- Chapter 3: Displaying and Describing Categorical Data
- Chapter 4: Displaying Quantitative Data
- Chapter 5: Describing Distributions Numerically
- Chapter 6: The Standard Deviation as a Ruler and the Normal Model
- Chapter 7: Scatterplots, Association, and Correlation
- Chapter 8: Linear Regression
- Chapter 9: Regression Wisdom
- Chapter 10: Re-expressing Data: Get It Straight
- Chapter 11: Understanding Randomness
- Chapter 12: Sample Surveys
- Chapter 13: Experiments and Observational Studies
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Chapter 14-27 Notes
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- Chapter 14: From Randomness to Probability
- Chapter 15: Probability Rules!
- Chapter 16: Random Variables
- Chapter 17: Probability Models
- Chapter 18: Sampling Distribution Models
- Chapter 19: Confidence Intervals for Proportions
- Chapter 20: Testing Hypotheses about Proportions
- Chapter 21: More about Tests
- Chapter 22: Comparing Two Proportions
- Chapter 23: Inferences about Means
- Chapter 24: Comparing Means
- Chapter 25: Paired Samples and Blocks
- Chapter 26: Comparing Counts
- Chapter 27: Inferences for Regression
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Chapter 1-13 Notes
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AP Microeconomics
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Chapter Outlines
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Outlines for Chapters 1-10
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- Chapter 1: Limits and Choices
- Chapter 2: Markets, Circular Flow
- Chapter 3: Supply and Demand
- Chapter 4: Public, Private Sectors
- Chapter 5: US and the Global Economy
- Chapter 6: Elasticity and Surplus
- Chapter 7: Consumer Behavior
- Chapter 8: Costs of Production
- Chapter 9: Pure Competition
- Chapter 10: Pure Monopoly
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Outlines for Chapters 11-22
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- Chapter 11: Monopolistic Competition and Oligopoly
- Chapter 12: Resource Demand
- Chapter 13: Wage Determinants
- Chapter 14: Rent, Interest, Profit
- Chapter 15: Resource/Energy Economics
- Chapter 16: Public Goods, Externalities, Information Asymmetries
- Chapter 17: Taxation and Public Choice
- Chapter 18: Antitrust Policy
- Chapter 19: Agriculture
- Chapter 20: Income Inequality
- Chapter 21: Health Care
- Chapter 22: Immigration
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Outlines for Chapters 1-10
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- Notes
- AP Review
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Chapter Outlines
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AP Macroeconomics
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Chapter Outlines
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Outlines for Chapters 23-31
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- Chapter 23: Introduction to MacroEconomics
- Chapter 24: Output and Income
- Chapter 25: Economic Growth
- Chapter 26: The Business Cycle, Unemployment, Inflation
- Chapter 27: Macro Economic Relationships
- Chapter 28: Aggregate Expenditures
- Chapter 29: Aggregrate Supply and Demand
- Chapter 30: Fiscal Policy, Deficits, Debt
- Chapter 31: Money and Banking
- Outlines for Chapters 32-38 >
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Outlines for Chapters 23-31
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The Media
Yellow Journalism: A form of newspaper publishing in vogue in the late-nineteenth century that featured pictures, comics, color, and sensationalized, oversimplified news coverage.
Muckraking: A form of journalism, in vogue in the early twentieth century, concerned with reforming government and business conduct.
Print Press: The traditional form of mass media, comprising newspapers, magazines, and journals.
Electronic Media: The broadcast and cable media, including television, radio, and the internet.
Chains (s): Large media conglomerations owning a large portion of the daily newspapers. Chain ownership usually reduces the diversity of editorial opinions and can result in the homogenization of the news.
Niche Journalism: Journalism catering to specific groups of people, such as CNN and Fox News.
Networks: An association of broadcast stations (radio or television) that share programming through a financial arrangement.
Affiliates: Local television stations that carry the programming of a national network.
Wire Service: An electronic delivery of news gathered by the news service’s correspondents and sent to all member news media organizations.
Press Release: A document offering an official comment or position.
Press Briefing: A relatively restricted session between a press secretary or aide and the press.
Press Conference: An unrestricted session between an elected official and the press.
Press Secretary: The president’s main disseminator of information to the press. Must be adept at dealing with the press.
Investigative Journalism: reporters go beyond headlines and scrutinize public officials and public policy to find wrongdoing.
Character issue: What some people see as a press obsession with the sins and foibles of our politicians.
Watergate (s): The Watergate scandal began a chain reaction that today allows for intense media scrutiny of public officials’ private lives. Moved journalism away from description (providing an account of happenings) to prescription, helping to set the campaign’s and society’s agenda by focusing attention on the candidates shortcomings as well as on certain social problems. Increased emphasis on character, and on the press holding the government accountable.
Libel: Written defamation of character that unjustly injures a person’s reputation.
New York Times Co. v. Sullivan (1964): Supreme Court ruling stating that simply publishing a defamatory falsehood is not enough to justify a libel judgment. Public officials would have to prove “actual malice” henceforth. This rule made it very difficult for public figures to win libel cases. (Extended to all public figures 3 years later)
Telecommunications Act of 1996: The passage of this law would benefit media corporations with television holdings. Scholars found that articles appearing in newspapers owned by the corporations with the potential to benefit from this law failed to report the negative impact of the law, thus putting corporate interests above providing fair and complete coverage of an important issue.
Equal Time Rule: The rule that requires broadcast stations to sell air time equally to all candidates in a political campaign if they choose to sell it to any.
Fairness Doctrine: Rule in effect from 1949 to 1985 requiring broadcasters to cover events adequately and to present contrasting views on important public issues.
New York Times Co. v. U. S. (1971) (s): Case in which the Supreme Court ruled that the government couldn’t prevent the New York Times from publishing the Pentagon Papers, documents stolen, photocopied, and sent to the Times by Daniel Ellsberg. This stated that the government cannot censor press, reaffirming the first amendment.
Muckraking: A form of journalism, in vogue in the early twentieth century, concerned with reforming government and business conduct.
Print Press: The traditional form of mass media, comprising newspapers, magazines, and journals.
Electronic Media: The broadcast and cable media, including television, radio, and the internet.
Chains (s): Large media conglomerations owning a large portion of the daily newspapers. Chain ownership usually reduces the diversity of editorial opinions and can result in the homogenization of the news.
Niche Journalism: Journalism catering to specific groups of people, such as CNN and Fox News.
Networks: An association of broadcast stations (radio or television) that share programming through a financial arrangement.
Affiliates: Local television stations that carry the programming of a national network.
Wire Service: An electronic delivery of news gathered by the news service’s correspondents and sent to all member news media organizations.
Press Release: A document offering an official comment or position.
Press Briefing: A relatively restricted session between a press secretary or aide and the press.
Press Conference: An unrestricted session between an elected official and the press.
Press Secretary: The president’s main disseminator of information to the press. Must be adept at dealing with the press.
Investigative Journalism: reporters go beyond headlines and scrutinize public officials and public policy to find wrongdoing.
Character issue: What some people see as a press obsession with the sins and foibles of our politicians.
Watergate (s): The Watergate scandal began a chain reaction that today allows for intense media scrutiny of public officials’ private lives. Moved journalism away from description (providing an account of happenings) to prescription, helping to set the campaign’s and society’s agenda by focusing attention on the candidates shortcomings as well as on certain social problems. Increased emphasis on character, and on the press holding the government accountable.
Libel: Written defamation of character that unjustly injures a person’s reputation.
New York Times Co. v. Sullivan (1964): Supreme Court ruling stating that simply publishing a defamatory falsehood is not enough to justify a libel judgment. Public officials would have to prove “actual malice” henceforth. This rule made it very difficult for public figures to win libel cases. (Extended to all public figures 3 years later)
Telecommunications Act of 1996: The passage of this law would benefit media corporations with television holdings. Scholars found that articles appearing in newspapers owned by the corporations with the potential to benefit from this law failed to report the negative impact of the law, thus putting corporate interests above providing fair and complete coverage of an important issue.
Equal Time Rule: The rule that requires broadcast stations to sell air time equally to all candidates in a political campaign if they choose to sell it to any.
Fairness Doctrine: Rule in effect from 1949 to 1985 requiring broadcasters to cover events adequately and to present contrasting views on important public issues.
New York Times Co. v. U. S. (1971) (s): Case in which the Supreme Court ruled that the government couldn’t prevent the New York Times from publishing the Pentagon Papers, documents stolen, photocopied, and sent to the Times by Daniel Ellsberg. This stated that the government cannot censor press, reaffirming the first amendment.